September 29, 2017
Model illustrates how people transcend suffering to find healing
Substantial research has established the importance of doctor-patient relationships in facilitating the healing process. But few studies have explored patients’ broader experience of healing and how it can be fostered outside the medical system. Now, a new study supported by the Institute for Integrative Health, sheds light on the complex progression from illness to healing, which the authors call the “healing journey.”
Published online this month in BMJ Open, the study is one of few to examine healing from the patient perspective.
“The findings are helpful because they show, from the lived experience of people who are suffering, how the winding path of healing happens,” said Institute for Integrative Health Scholar, Kurt C. Stange, MD, PhD, Distinguished University Professor at Case Western Reserve University.
The authors performed thematic analyses of in-depth interviews with 23 patients who had a variety of medical, psychological, and social issues. All had experienced healing, defined as “recovering a sense of integrity and wholeness after experiencing illness and suffering.” Interviews were conducted by the first author, John G. Scott, MD, PhD, for an earlier study of healing relationships between doctors and patients.
Using a combination of qualitative methods to analyze the transcripts, the authors identified emerging themes and developed a model illustrating the healing journey. The process it depicts begins with a wounding event, causing suffering, defined as “the experience of distress when the intactness or integrity of the person is threatened.” Its degree and quality are related to the individual’s characteristics, relationships, and stage of life.
Through persistence, the suffering person forms safe, trusting relationships with helpers, who in turn, enable the person to gain resources, such as positivity. The cycle of acquiring relationships and resources repeats indefinitely, fostering beneficial attributes, such as self-acceptance. These contribute to a restored sense of wholeness and integrity, which constitutes healing.
Transcript analyses revealed that healing was an erratic, long-term process, experienced uniquely by each person with their individual circumstances. The authors wrote: “People in the sample experienced healing journeys that spanned a spectrum from overcoming unspeakable trauma and then becoming healers themselves, to everyday heroes functioning well despite ongoing serious health challenges.”
The study found that people on healing journeys created connections with a wide range of helpers, including not only family, friends, and health professionals, but also non-human sources of support, such as pets, spirituality, and personal interests. Crucial to forming connections were a feeling of safety and a sense of trust that connections would be conducive to healing. These relationships proved instrumental in helping participants develop skills and resources through observation and practice, including the ability to reframe suffering in a positive light, the choice to adopt an optimistic attitude, and the capacity to take responsibility for one’s recovery from illness.
The authors note that the healing journey was recursive in nature, not step-wise. Mustering persistence and battling despair, people continually formed connections and gained new resources. As a result, they gradually found relief from suffering and began to exhibit emergent characteristics: a sense of hope, self-acceptance, and a desire to help others—the immediate precursors to healing.
Importantly, the authors go on to say that restoring a sense of integrity and wholeness doesn’t require the absence of illness. None of the study participants was cured, yet as the authors point out, “they were all able transcend their suffering and in some sense to flourish.”
The authors are hopeful the study will influence a shift in the way patients and health care practitioners think about and approach healing. “By filling a gap in understanding the healing process, the study’s findings may offer hope to those who are suffering and guide how they respond to their state of illness,” said Dr. Stange. “Likewise, greater understanding of patients’ journeys may positively inform the way health professionals, caregivers, and communities support those who are ill.”
Other authors include three Institute for Integrative Health Scholars, Paul Dieppe, MD, FRCP, FFPH (University of Exeter Medical School), David Jones, MD (The Institute for Functional Medicine), and Sara L. Warber, MD (University of Michigan Medical School) as well as John G. Scott, MD, PhD (Northeastern Vermont Regional Hospital).
In addition to funding from The Institute for Integrative Health, Dr. Jones received some support from The Institute for Functional Medicine, and Dr. Warber received some support from a Clinical Research Professorship from the American Cancer Society.
